Prevalence of psoriatic arthritis in Chinese population with psoriasis: A multicenter study conducted by experienced rheumatologists / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Reports on the prevalence of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) among Chinese patients with psoriasis are very limited. This study, conducted by rheumatologists, estimated the prevalence of PsA in a large number of Chinese patients with psoriasis.@*METHODS@#Consecutive patients with a confirmed diagnosis of psoriasis attending nine dermatology clinics in five hospitals were recruited. All psoriasis patients were asked to complete a questionnaire comprising 16 questions to identify possible cases of PsA. All patients with one or more positive answers to the questionnaire were evaluated by two experienced rheumatologists.@*RESULTS@#A total of 2434 psoriasis patients, including 1561 males and 873 females, were enrolled. Both the questionnaire and rheumatologists' examinations were completed in the dermatology clinics. The results identified 252 patients with PsA, comprising 168 males and 84 females. The overall prevalence of PsA among psoriasis patients was 10.4% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 9.1%-11.7%). By sex, the prevalence was 10.8% (95% CI, 9.2%-12.5%) for males and 9.6% (95% CI, 7.7%-11.9%) for females and there was no significant sex difference in the prevalence of PsA (P = 0.38). Of the 252 PsA patients, 125 (49.6%, 95% CI, 41.3%-59.1%) were newly diagnosed by rheumatologists. Consequently, the prevalence of undiagnosed PsA among psoriasis patients was 5.2% (95% CI, 4.4%-6.2%).@*CONCLUSION@#The prevalence of PsA in the Chinese population with psoriasis is about 10.4%, which is almost double that of previous reports in the Chinese population, but lower than that in Caucasians.

Relationship between expression of chemokine receptor 2 and basic fibroblast growth factor in aqueous humor and prognosis of trabeculectomy in patients with acute primary angle-closure glaucoma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the relationship between the levels of chemokine receptor 2(CXCR2)and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)in aqueous humor and the prognosis of trabeculectomy in patients with acute primary angle-closure glaucoma(APACG).METHODS: A total of 80 cases(80 eyes)APACG patients who underwent trabeculectomy in our hospital from June 2020 to January 2022 were collected in the case group. According to the postoperative efficacy, they were grouped into a success group of 60 cases(60 eyes)and a failure group of 20 cases(20 eyes). Another 86 cataract patients(86 eyes)who underwent phacoemulsification with normal intraocular pressure in our hospital during the same period were included in the control group. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was applied to detect the levels of CXCR2 and bFGF in aqueous humor. ROC curve was applied to analyze the value of predicting trabeculectomy failure in APACG patients by the levels of CXCR2 and bFGF in aqueous humor. Furthermore, multivariate Logistic regression was applied to analyze the influencing factors of trabeculectomy failure in APACG patients.RESULTS: The levels of CXCR2 and bFGF in the aqueous humor of the case group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05). The levels of CXCR2 and bFGF in the aqueous humor of the failed group and the proportion of patients with postoperative shallow anterior chamber were significantly higher than those of the successful group(P<0.05). The AUC for predicting trabeculectomy failure in APACG patients using CXCR2 and bFGF levels alone and in combination was 0.885, 0.883 and 0.953, respectively. CXCR2 and bFGF were independent risk factors for trabeculectomy failure in APACG patients(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The levels of CXCR2 and bFGF in the aqueous humor of APACG patients are obviously elevated, and both are risk factors for trabeculectomy failure.

Protective effects of taurine on learning and memory impairment after exposure to formaldehyde and benzene analogues in young rats / 环境与职业医学

Background Formaldehyde and benzene homologues are common environmental pollutants, and their neurotoxicity has aroused widespread concern. Objective To investigate the effect of taurine on cognitive impairment after exposure to formaldehyde and benzene analogues in young rats. Methods Twenty four-week old SD rats were randomly divided into four groups, with six rats in each group: control group (clean air), model group (5 mg·m−3 formaldehyde + 5 mg·m−3 benzene + 10 mg·m−3 toluene + 10 mg·m−3 xylene), low-dose taurine intervention group (5 g·L−1 taurine + mixture of formaldehyde and benzene analogues), and high-dose taurine intervention group (10 g·L−1 taurine + formaldehyde and mixture of benzene analogues), and the exposure was administered by oral and nasal aerosol inhalation for 28 d. At the end of exposure, the learning and memory ability of rats in each group was measured by Morris water maze test. After the behavioral test, the rats were anesthetized and neutralized, and the brain tissue was harvested for histopathological and molecular biological tests. The apoptosis rate of neurons in hippocampal CA1 area was detected by Tunel assay, and the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins such as caspase 3, bax, and bcl-2 in hippocampal tissue were detected by Western blotting. Results The growth and development of rats in each group were good during inhalation. During the Morris water maze experiment, the escape latencies of rats in the taurine intervention groups were not different from that in the control group (P>0.05) from day 3 to day 5 of training, while the escape latency of rats in the model group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P <0.05). The number of crossing platform and the target quadrant residence time in the high-dose taurine intervention group were not different from those in the control group (P>0.05), while the two variables in the model group and low-dose taurine intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). The apoptotic rates of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area of rats in the control group, model group, and low-dose and high-dose taurine intervention groups were 5.11%, 18.87%, 9.39%, and 4.63%, respectively. The apoptotic rate in the model group was higher than those in the control group and low-dose and high-dose taurine intervention groups (P<0.05). The expression levels of caspase 3, bax, and bcl-2 in the hippocampus of rats in the low-dose and high-dose taurine intervention groups showed no difference compared with the control group (P>0.05). The expression levels of caspase 3 and bax in the model group were higher than those in the control group and low-dose or high-dose taurine intervention groups (P<0.05), and the expression levels of bcl-2 was lower (P<0.05). Conclusion The mixed exposure to formaldehyde and benzene analogues can damage the learning and memory ability of young rats, and increase the apoptosis of neurons in hippocampal CA1 region. Taurine can reverse the damage induced by formaldehyde and benzene analogues.

The past, present and future of sleep medicine in China / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Sleep is a highly conserved phenomenon in endotherms, and has a universal physiological function across all species. In mammals, sleep can be divided into two stages: rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM (NREM) sleep, which alternate in a cyclic manner. Humans spend about one-third of their lives asleep. Sufficient sleep is necessary for humans to sustain everyday functioning. Sleep plays an important role in regulating energy metabolism, immune defense, endocrine function, and the consolidation of memory process. With the development of social economy and the change of life style, sleep duration of the residents has gradually decreased and the incidence of sleep disturbances has increased. Sleep disturbances can lead to severe mental disorders, such as depression, anxiety disorders, dementia, and other mental diseases, and may increase the risk of physical diseases, such as chronic inflammation, heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis and others. Maintaining good sleep is of great significance for developing social productive forces, promoting sustainable development of economic society, and is a necessary condition for carrying out the "Healthy China Strategy". The sleep research in China started in 1950s. After decades of development, researchers have made great progress in the molecular mechanisms of sleep and wakefulness, the pathogenesis of sleep disorders and the development of new therapies. With the advancement of science and technology and the public's attention to sleep, the level of clinical diagnosis and therapy of sleep disorders in China is gradually brought in line with international standards. The publication of diagnosis and treatment guidelines in the field of sleep medicine will promote the standardization of the construction. In the future, it is still necessary to promote the development of sleep medicine in the following aspects: Strengthening the professional training and discipline construction, improving the cooperation of sleep research, promoting the intelligent diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders, and developing the new intervention strategies. Therefore, this review will comprehensively summarize the origin, current situation, and future expectations of sleep medicine in China, including discipline construction of sleep medicine, the number of sleep project grants, research findings, the status and progress of diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders, and the development direction of sleep medicine.

Analysis of the impact of health management measures for entry personnel on imported Dengue fever in Guangdong Province, 2020-2022 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To explore the impact of health management measures for entry personnel (entry management measures) against COVID-19 on the epidemiological characteristics of imported Dengue fever in Guangdong Province from 2020 to 2022. Methods: Data of imported Dengue fever from January 1, 2016 to August 31, 2022, mosquito density surveillance from 2016 to 2021, and international airline passengers and Dengue fever annual reported cases from 2011 to 2021 in Guangdong were collected. Comparative analysis was conducted to explore changes in the epidemic characteristics of imported Dengue fever before the implementation of entry management measures (from January 1, 2016 to March 20, 2020) and after the implementation (from March 21, 2020 to August 31, 2022). Results: From March 21, 2020, to August 31, 2022, a total of 52 cases of imported Dengue fever cases were reported, with an imported risk intensity of 0.12, which were lower than those before implementation of entry management measures (1 828, 5.29). No significant differences were found in the characteristics of imported cases before and after implementation of entry management measures, including seasonality, sex, age, career, and imported countries (all P>0.05). 59.62% (31/52) of cases were found at the centralized isolation sites and 38.46% (20/52) at the entry ports. However, before implementation of entry management measures, 95.08% (1 738/1 828) of cases were found in hospitals. Among 51 cases who had provided entry dates, 82.35% (42/51) and 98.04% (50/51) of cases were found within seven days and fourteen days after entry, slightly higher than before implementation [(72.69%(362/498) and 97.59% (486/498)]. There was significant difference between the monthly mean values of Aedes mosquito larval density (Bretto index) from 2020 to 2021 and those from 2016 to 2019 (Z=2.83, P=0.005). There is a strong positive correlation between the annual international airline passengers volume in Guangdong from 2011 to 2021 and the annual imported Dengue fever cases (r=0.94, P<0.001), and a positive correlation also existed between the international passenger volume and the annual indigenous Dengue fever cases (r=0.72, P=0.013). Conclusions: In Guangdong, the entry management measures of centralized isolation for fourteen days after entry from abroad had been implemented, and most imported Dengue fever cases were found within fourteen days after entry. The risk of local transmission caused by imported cases has reduced significantly.

CiteSpace knowledge map of gut microbiota research involving traditional Chinese medicine in recent twenty years / 中国中药杂志

We employed bibliometrics to comprehensively study the hotspots and frontiers of gut microbiota research involving traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), aiming to provide new ideas for the subsequent research in this field. The studies of gut microbiota with TCM published from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2021 were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and Web of Science(WoS). After data screening and cleaning, CiteSpace 5.8.R3 was used to visualize and analyze the authors, journals, and keywords. A total of 1 119 Chinese articles and 815 English articles were included in the study. The period of 2019-2021 witnessed the surge in the number of articles published in this field, being the peak research period. TAN Zhou-jin and DUAN Jin-ao were the authors publishing the most articles in Chinese and English, respectively. The two authors ranked top in both Chinese and English articles, playing a central role in this research field. The top five Chinese and English journals in this field had a large influence in the international research field. High-frequency keywords and keyword clustering showed that the research hotspots in this field were concentrated in four areas: trial and clinical research on the regulation of gut microbiota in disease treatment by TCM, metabolic transformation of Chinese medicines by gut microbiota, and the effect of TCM added to feed on the gut microbiota and growth performance of animals. The study of gut microbiota structure in patients with different TCM syndromes, as well as that of TCM combined with probiotics/flora transplantation in the treatment of diseases, can provide new ideas for clinical diagnosis and traditional drug treatment of diseases and has great research space and research value in the future.

Re-evaluation of systematic reviews of acupuncture and moxibustion for childhood autism / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To re-evaluate the systematic review/Meta-analysis of acupuncture and moxibustion for childhood autism (CA), aiming to provide decision-making basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.@*METHODS@#The systematic review and/or Meta-analysis of acupuncture and moxibustion for CA were searched in PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, SinoMed, CNKI and Wanfang databases. The retrieval time was from the database establishment to May 5th, 2022. PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and Meta-analyses) was used to evaluate the report quality, and AMSTAR 2 (a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews 2) was used to evaluate the methodological quality, bubble map was used to construct the evidence map and GRADE was used to evaluate the quality of evidence.@*RESULTS@#A total of 9 systematic reviews were included. The PRISMA scores ranged from 13 to 26. The report quality was low, and there was a serious lack in the aspects of program and registration, search, other analysis and funding. The main problems in methodology included not making prespecified protocol, incomplete retrieval strategy, not providing a list of excluded literatures, and incomplete explanation on heterogeneity analysis and bias risk. The evidence map showed that 6 conclusions were valid, 2 conclusions were possible valid and 1 conclusion was uncertain valid. The overall quality of evidence was low, and the main factors leading to the downgrade were limitations, followed by inconsistency, imprecision and publication bias.@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture and moxibustion has a certain effect for CA, but the quality of reporting, methodology and evidence in included literature need to be improved. It is suggested to perform high-quality and standardized research in the future to provide evidence-based basis.

Inhibitory Effect of Resveratrol on LPS-induced Glomerular Mesangial Cells Proliferation and TGF-β1 Expression via Sphingosine Kinase 1 Pathway / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To elucidate the renoprotective effect of resveratrol (RSV) on sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) signaling pathway and expression of its downstream molecules including activator protein 1 (AP-1) and transformation growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs).@*METHODS@#The rat GMCs line (HBZY-1) were cultured and randomly divided into 5 groups, including control, LPS (100 ng/mL), and 5, 10, 20 µmol/L RSV-treated groups. In addition, SphK1 inhibitor (SK-II) was used as positive control. GMCs were pretreated with RSV for 2 h and treated with LPS for another 24 h. GMCs proliferation was determined by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The proteins expression of SphK1, p-c-Jun and TGF-β1 in GMCs were detected by Western blot, and DNA-binding activity of AP-1 was performed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The binding activity between RSV and SphK1 protein was detected by AutoDock Vina and visualized by Discovery Studio 2016.@*RESULTS@#LPS could obviously stimulate GMCs proliferation, elevate SphK1, p-c-Jun and TGF-β1 expression levels and increase the DNA-binding activity of AP-1 (P<0.05 or P<0.01), whereas these effects were significantly blocked by RSV pretreatment. It was also suggested that the effect of RSV was similar to SK-II (P>0.05). Moreover, RSV exhibited good binding affinity towards SphK1, with docking scores of -8.1 kcal/moL and formed hydrogen bonds with ASP-178 and LEU-268 in SphK1.@*CONCLUSION@#RSV inhibited LPS-induced GMCs proliferation and TGF-β1 expression, which may be independent of its hypoglycemic effect on preventing the development of mesangial cell fibrosis and closely related to the direct inhibition of SphK1 pathway.

Independent innovation research, development and transformation of precise bionic repair technology for oral prosthesis / 北京大学学报(医学版)

According to the fourth national oral health epidemiological survey report (2018), billions of teeth are lost or missing in China, inducing chewing dysfunction, which is necessary to build physiological function using restorations. Digital technology improves the efficiency and accuracy of oral restoration, with the application of three-dimensional scans, computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), bionic material design and so on. However, the basic research and product development of digital technology in China lack international competitiveness, with related products basically relying on imports, including denture 3D design software, 3D oral printers, and digitally processed materials. To overcome these difficulties, from 2001, Yuchun Sun's team, from Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, developed a series of studies in artificial intelligence design and precision bionics manufacturing of complex oral prostheses. The research included artificial intelligence design technology for complex oral prostheses, 3D printing systems for oral medicine, biomimetic laminated zirconia materials and innovative application of digital prosthetics in clinical practice. The research from 2001 to 2007 was completed under the guidance of Prof. Peijun Lv and Prof. Yong Wang. Under the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the National Science and Technology Support Program, National High-Tech R & D Program (863 Program) and Beijing Training Project for the Leading Talents in S & T, Yuchun Sun's team published over 200 papers in the relevant field, authorized 49 national invention patents and 1 U.S. invention patent and issued 2 national standards. It also developed 8 kinds of core technology products in digital oral prostheses and 3 kinds of clinical diagnosis and treatment programs, which significantly improved the design efficiency of complex oral prostheses, the fabrication accuracy of metal prostheses and the bionic performance of ceramic materials. Compared with similar international technologies, the program doubled the efficiency of bionic design and manufacturing accuracy and reduced the difficulty of diagnosis and cost of treatment and application by 50%, with the key indicators of those products reaching the international leading level. This program not only helped to realize precision, intelligence and efficiency during prostheses but also provided functional and aesthetic matches for patients after prostheses. The program was rewarded with the First Technical Innovation Prize of the Beijing Science and Technology Awards (2020), Gold Medal of Medical Research Group in the First Medical Science and Technology Innovation Competition of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (2020) and Best Creative Award in the First Translational Medical Innovation Competition of Capital (2017). This paper is a review of the current situation of artificial intelligence design and precision bionics manufacturing of complex oral prosthesis.

Research advances in the role of gut microbiota in chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, and related liver diseases / 临床肝胆病杂志

Hepatitis B virus infection and hepatitis C virus infection often progress to end-stage liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma, which endanger the life of patients. Recent studies have shown that gut microbiota are closely associated with chronic viral liver diseases. This article reviews the association of gut microbiota with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), chronic hepatitis C (CHC), and their related liver diseases and the research advances in therapies targeting gut microbiota against CHB and its related liver diseases, in order to provide more ideas for the clinical treatment of CHB, CHC, and their related liver diseases.

Warning effects of tobacco packaging on teenagers / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo evaluate the warning effect of different tobacco packaging on teenagers and provide an objective evidence for improving tobacco packaging in China. MethodsA multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to investigate students from two middle schools and two high schools in Huangpu District， Shanghai with a self-filled questionnaire survey， and a total of 1 238 valid questionnaires were collected. Epidata 3.1 was used to input data and SPSS 20.0 was used for data analysis. ResultsAbout 69% of the respondents supported printing pictures of diseases on tobacco packages in China， and 81.58% thought graphic warnings should cover more than 70% of the tobacco package. The effect of graphic health warning labels was better than that of text-only warning labels （P<0.05）， and the effect of real photos was better than abstract pictures. In addition， labels with real graphic warnings had the highest scores in terms of preventing youth smoking and the degree of support， which was significantly different from abstract graphic warning labels and text-only warning labels （P<0.05）. ConclusionCigarette packs with graphic health warnings have a stronger effect on teenagers than plain text health warnings. Teenagers support the use of graphic warnings. It is recommended to apply graphic health warnings with real photos of diseases on the cigarette packages to maximize the effect of the health warnings.

Dose-enhanced immunochemotherapy followed by first-line autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for young patients with high-risk aggressive B-cell lymphoma: an efficacy and prognostic factor analysis / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: This study aimed to determine the efficacy of dose-enhanced immunochemotherapy followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in young patients with newly diagnosed high-risk aggressive B-cell lymphoma. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to examine the clinical and survival data of young patients with high-risk aggressive B-cell lymphoma who received dose-enhanced immunochemotherapy and ASCT as first-line treatment between January 2011 and December 2018 in Blood Diseases Hospital. Results: A total of 63 patients were included in the study. The median age range was 40 (14-63) years old. In terms of the induction therapy regimen, 52 cases received R-DA-EP (D) OCH, and the remaining 11 received R-HyperCVAD/R-MA. Sixteen (25.4% ) patients achieved partial response in the mid-term efficacy assessment, and ten of them were evaluated as complete response after transplantation. The median follow-up was 50 (8-112) months, and the 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate and overall survival (OS) rate were (83.9±4.7) % and (90.4±3.7) % , respectively. Univariate analysis demonstrated that age-adjusted international prognostic index ≥2 scores was a negative prognostic factor for OS (P=0.039) , and bone marrow involvement (BMI) was an adverse prognostic factor for OS (P<0.001) and PFS (P=0.001) . However, multivariate analysis confirmed that BMI was the only independent negative predictor of OS (P=0.016) and PFS (P=0.001) . Conclusions: The use of dose-enhanced immunochemotherapy in combination with ASCT as first-line therapy in the treatment of young, high-risk aggressive B-cell lymphoma results in good long-term outcomes, and BMI remains an adverse prognostic factor.

Identification of human LDHC4 as a potential target for anticancer drug discovery

One of the distinct hallmarks of cancer cells is aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect). Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) is thought to play a key role in aerobic glycolysis and has been extensively studied, while lactate dehydrogenase C (LDHC), an isoform of LDHA, has received much less attention. Here we showed that human LDHC was significantly expressed in lung cancer tissues, overexpression of Ldhc in mice could promote tumor growth, and knock-down of LDHC could inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer A549 cells. We solved the first crystal structure of human LDHC4 and found that the active-site loop of LDHC4 adopted a distinct conformation compared to LDHA4 and lactate dehydrogenase B4 (LDHB4). Moreover, we found that (ethylamino) (oxo)acetic acid shows about 10 times selective inhibition against LDHC4 over LDHA4 and LDHB4. Our studies suggest that LDHC4 is a potential target for anticancer drug discovery and (ethylamino) (oxo)acetic acid provides a good start to develop lead compounds for selective drugs targeting LDHC4.

Clinical Analysis of Patients with MGUS, Primary Light Chain Amyloidosis, Multiple Myeloma or Multiple Myeloma with Concurrent Amyloidosis / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To summarize and compare the clinical baseline characteristics of patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), primary light chain amyloidosis (pAL), multiple myeloma (MM), or MM with concurrent amyloidosis, especially the differences in cytogenetic abnormalities.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 15 cases of MGUS, 34 cases of pAL, 842 cases of MM and 23 cases of MM with concurrent amyloidosis were analyzed and compared retrospectively.@*RESULTS@#Cytogenetic statistics showed that the incidence of t (11; 14) in the four groups (MGUS vs pAL vs MM vs MM with concurrent amyloidosis) was 0%, 33.3%, 16.4%, and 15.8%, respectively (P=0.037); that of 13q deletion was 20.0%, 14.7%, 45.8% and 56.5%, respectively (P<0.001); gain of 1q21 was 50.0%, 12.5%, 47.4% and 40.9%, respectively (P=0.001). Proportion of pAL patients with 0, 1 and≥2 cytogenetic abnormalities (including 13q deletion, 17p deletion, 1q21 amplification and IgH translocation) accounted for 41.9%, 41.9% and 16.1%, respectively; while the proportion of the same category in MM was 17.6%, 27.3%, and 55.2% respectively; this ratio of MM with concurrent amyloidosis was more similar to MM. Subgroup analysis showed that genetic abnormalities (including 13q deletion, 17p deletion and 1q21 amplification) were comparable within t (11; 14) negative and positive groups. Compared with positive cases, t(11; 14) negative patients with MM or MGUS were more likely to have 13q deletions and multiple genetic abnormalities.@*CONCLUSION@#Clinical characteristics of pAL, especially cytogenetic abnormalities, are significantly different from MM with concurrent amyloidosis. It suggests that although the onset characteristics are similar, actually the two diseases belong to different disease subtypes which should be carefully predicted and identified.

Effects of Vitrification with Self-made Carriers and Slow Programmed Freezing on Ovarian Tissue of Sheep / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the effects of self-made carriers on the cryopreservation of ovarian tissue of sheep. Methods Thirty-two ovaries were randomly assigned to fresh group,programmed freezing group,self-made carrier I vitrification group,and self-made carrier Ⅱ vitrification group.The morphology,proliferation,apoptosis,and estrogen level of the ovarian tissue in each group were observed. Results After cryopreservation,the morphology normal rate of the primordial follicles in programmed freezing group,self-made carrier I vitrification group,and self-made carrier Ⅱ vitrification group were 74.2%,72.8%,and 72.3%,respectively,lower than that(83.7%)in the fresh group(χ

Expert consensus on the strategy and measures to interrupt the transmission of schistosomiasis in China / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Since 2015 when the transmission of schistosomiasis was controlled in China, the country has been moving towards elimination of schistosomiasis, with the surveillance-response as the main interventions for schistosomiasis control. During the period of the 13th Five-Year Plan, the transmission of schistosomiasis had been interrupted in four provinces of Sichuan, Jiangsu, Yunnan and Hubei and the prevalence of schistosomiasis has been at the historically lowest level in China. As a consequence, the goal set in The 13th Five-Year National Schistosomiasis Control Program in China is almost achieved. However, there are multiple challenges during the stage moving towards elimination of schistosomiasis in China, including the widespread distribution of intermediate host snails and complicated snail habitats, many types of sources of Schistosoma japonicum infections and difficulty in management of bovines and sheep, unmet requirements for the current schistosomiasis control program with the currently available tools, and vulnerable control achievements. During the 14th Five-Year period, it is crucial to consolidate the schistosomiasis control achievements and gradually solve the above difficulties, and critical to provide the basis for achieving the ultimate goal of elimination of schistosomiasis in China. Based on the past experiences from the national schistosomiasis control program and the challenges for schistosomiasis elimination in China, an expert consensus has been reached pertaining to the objectives, control strategy and measures for The 14th Five-Year National Schistosomiasis Control Program in China, so as to provide insights in to the development of The 14th Five-Year National Schistosomiasis Control Program in China.

Strategies and reflections on platelet-based targeted therapy for tumor / 药学学报

In the past few decades, our understanding of platelets has made great progress. Platelets play an unexpected central role in cancer and greatly affect the behavior of cancer cells. At the same time, the physiology and phenotype of platelets are also affected by cancer cells. Therefore, platelet-based tumor targeted therapy strategies have attracted the attention of researchers, but the limitations of their application require more attention. In this paper, the strategies of platelet-based tumor targeted therapy are summarized, and the strategies of platelet mimicking nanocarrier delivery, platelet hitch riding, platelet membrane coating biomimetic and engineered platelet targeting are mainly introduced. The easy activation, hard storage and unknown functional and phenotypic changes of platelets were discussed. At the same time, the strategy of platelet-based targeted tumor therapy is reviewed from theoretical basis and practical application. The development potential of platelets in the field of tumor diagnosis and treatment is discussed, which will provide some theoretical reference for the study of platelet-related tumor diagnosis and targeted therapy.

Cdc37 Expression in Multiple Myeloma and Its Role in Cell Proliferation / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the expression of cell division cycle protein 37 (Cdc37) in multiple myeloma (MM) and its effect on MM cell proliferation.@*METHODS@#The expression of Cdc37 mRNA in CD138@*RESULTS@#Cdc37 was highly expressed in newly diagnosed CD138@*CONCLUSION@#Cdc37 is highly expressed in newly diagnosed MM patients. Inhibition of Cdc37 results in decreased proliferation activity and G

Primary application of Gerota's fascia suspension device in retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectom / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the value of Gerota's fascia suspension device in retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, and to share the operation experience.@*METHODS@#From October 2018 to December 2020, 6 cases of tumor located in the ventral side of the kidney were selected, including 3 males and 3 females, with 3 cases on the right side and 3 cases on the left side, aged 38-60 years, with an average of 52 years. The body mass index (BMI) was 18.3-30.2 kg/m2, with an average of 22.9 kg/m2. One patient with diabetes mellitus, three patients with renal cysts, and two patients underwent cholecystectomy before. All the patients were found by physical examinations. The course of disease was 7 days to 20 years, with a median time of 1 month. The tumor was in the ventral side of the kidney, 2 cases located in the upper pole, 1 case in the lower pole and 3 cases near the renal hilum. The tumor size was 1.2-7.8 cm, with an average of 4.5 cm. The R.E.N.A.L score was 7 in 1 case, 8 in 3 cases and 9 in 2 cases. After the preoperative examination completed, retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (Gerota's fascia suspension device) was performed.@*RESULTS@#All the operations were successfully completed. The operation time ranged from 139 to 193 min, with an average of 172 min. The renal artery occlusion time was 7-43 min, with an average of 19 min, only one case was more than 30 min. The blood loss ranged from 10 to 500 mL, with an average of 128 mL. The postoperative hospital stay ranged from 4 to 13 days, with an average of 6.5 days. Postoperative pathology revealed 4 cases of renal angiomyolipoma and 2 cases of renal clear cell carcinoma. The patients were followed up for 2-27 months, with an average of 17 months, without recurrence.@*CONCLUSION@#In the operation of retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, Gerota's fascia suspension device is beneficial to expose the ventral surgical field, and it is convenient for the surgeon to operate with both hands. This technique is an effective method to deal with the ventral renal tumor, which is worthy of promotion.

Effect of Betulic Acid on RAGE/NF-κB/iNOS Signaling Pathway Expression in Steatosis Cell / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To investigate the effect of betulic acid(BA) on steatosis LO2 cells. Method::LO2 cells were intervened with BA at different gradient concentrations (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 250 μmol·L-1) for 24 hours. methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) staining was used to observed cell viability to determine the final concentration of BA. The cells were divided into control, model, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and BA groups, as well as BA groups intervened with low, middle and high concentrations. First, model, DMSO and BA group's cells were cultured in 10% Lipid Mix 1 medium for 24 hours to establish a nonalcoholic fatty liver model. Then, DMSO group and low, medium and high-concentration groups were separately cultured with 0.1%DMSO medium and 20, 40, 80 μmol·L-1 BA medium for 24 hours. And control and model groups were cultured in drug-free medium for 24 hours. Oil red O staining and Nile red staining were used to observe the intracellular lipid droplets. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), nuclear factor κB p65 (NF-κB p55) and iNOS. Result::BA within the concentration of 80 μmol·L-1 had no significant toxicity on LO2 cells. Compared with control group, the intracellular lipid droplets were significantly increased in the model group, and the expressions of oxidative stress-related proteins RAGE, NF-κB p65 and iNOS also increased significantly(P<0.05). Compared with model group, the intracellular lipid droplets in DMSO group were similar to those in model group, with no significant difference in the three protein expressions between the two groups. However, the intracellular lipid droplets deposition in the BA group was significantly decreased. And the expressions of RAGE, NF-κB p65 and iNOS proteins in high-concentration BA group were significantly decreased(P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion::BA can significantly improve the intracellular fat deposition in LO2 cells, which was probably related to the inhibition of the expressions of oxidative stress-related proteins RAGE, NF-κB p65 and iNOS.